Current Affairs Revision Hub

News Item

The Sikkimese feature film 'Numahangma', directed by Niyara Subba, has been selected for the 2nd Nepal Indigenous Film Festival (NIFF) 2026 to be held in London. The film beautifully portrays the real-life struggles and perseverance of a woman balancing her family responsibilities and her path to success.

Background

The recognition of indigenous cinema on international platforms highlights the rich cultural diversity and grassroots storytelling of Northeast India. The film had previously gained acclaim at the Yakthung Cine Awards International. The term 'Yakthung' is deeply cultural, serving as the traditional endonym for the Limbu community, an indigenous Himalayan tribe. Promoting such regional narratives helps preserve local dialects, folklore, and indigenous socio-cultural struggles in a rapidly modernising world, ensuring that tribal voices reach a global audience.

Prelims Facts

• Film: Numahangma (Directed by Niyara Subba, Produced by H.M. Subba).
• Selected for: 2nd Nepal Indigenous Film Festival (NIFF) 2026 in London, UK.
• Previous Accolades: Won Best Director and Best Film at the 2nd Yakthung Cine Awards International (YCAI) in Nepal.
• Subject: A 90-minute feature based on the real-life journey and struggles of its producer as a woman navigating life's challenges.

GS Mapping

GS1: Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.

News Item

The Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports has announced the Maharashtra State Edition of the Viksit Bharat Young Leaders Dialogue (VBYLD) 2027. This dynamic platform empowers youth aged 15 to 29 years to share innovative ideas for India's development, with top participants earning the rare opportunity to present their vision directly to the Prime Minister at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.

Background

The VBYLD is a modernised, intellectual restructuring of the traditional National Youth Festival, which has historically been held to commemorate the birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda. By shifting the focus from purely cultural exchange to merit-based policy innovation and leadership, the initiative strongly aligns with the government's grand vision of Viksit Bharat @2047—transforming India into a fully developed nation by its 100th year of independence.

Prelims Facts

• Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports (via the MY Bharat portal).
• Target Demographic: Youth aged strictly between 15 and 29 years.
• Historical Link: Replaces the format of the National Youth Festival held annually around January 12 (National Youth Day).
• Final Destination: Selected state-level candidates will present at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.

GS Mapping

GS2: Government Policies and Interventions for Development in various sectors; Issues arising out of their design and implementation.

News Item

Justice Alpesh Yeshwant Kogje recently took the oath of office as the 30th Chief Justice of the Madhya Pradesh High Court at a ceremony held in Bhopal. The oath was administered to him by the Governor of Madhya Pradesh, Mangubhai Patel.

Background

The appointment of High Court judges is a crucial aspect of the Indian judicial system. While the appointment notification is officially issued by the President of India under Article 217 of the Constitution (after consultation with the Chief Justice of India and the state Governor), the formal oath of office is administered by the Governor of the respective state under Article 219. The Madhya Pradesh High Court was established in 1956 and has its principal seat in Jabalpur.

Prelims Facts

• Appointing Authority: President of India.
• Administers Oath: Governor of the concerned state.
• Relevant Articles: Article 217 (Appointment) and Article 219 (Oath).
• Principal Seat of MP High Court: Jabalpur (with benches in Indore and Gwalior).

GS Mapping

GS2: Structure, organization and functioning of the Judiciary.

News Item

India and Sri Lanka strengthened their defence partnership during Defence Minister Rajnath Singh’s visit to Colombo on 9 September 2026. The two sides exchanged MoUs for upgrading six L70 air-defence guns of the Sri Lankan Air Force and for cooperation between their National Cadet Corps and National Defence Colleges.

Background

India and Sri Lanka are close maritime neighbours in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). They are separated by the Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar and share strong historical, cultural and economic ties.

During the visit, both sides emphasised secure sea lanes, freedom of navigation, respect for international law and regional maritime security. India also highlighted its role as a first responder in assisting neighbouring countries during crises.

Prelims Facts

• India and Sri Lanka are maritime neighbours in the Indian Ocean Region.
• The Palk Strait and Gulf of Mannar lie between India and Sri Lanka.
• India agreed to upgrade six L70 guns of the Sri Lankan Air Force.
• The L70 upgradation is being undertaken under a Government of India grant.
• MoUs also covered cooperation between NCCs and National Defence Colleges.
• Three Bailey Bridges constructed by Indian Defence Forces were also virtually inaugurated.

Mains Focus & Analysis

• India–Sri Lanka defence cooperation is important for maritime security in the Indian Ocean, protection of sea lanes and India's Neighbourhood First approach. Stable relations with Sri Lanka also have strategic significance because of the island's location close to major Indian Ocean shipping routes.

GS Mapping

GS2: India and its Neighbourhood

News Item

India hosted the 9th ASEAN–India Ministerial Meeting on Agriculture and Forestry in New Delhi on 9 September 2026. The meeting focused on food security, climate-resilient agriculture, digital technologies, sustainable value chains and deeper research cooperation.

Background

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established in 1967 through the Bangkok Declaration. Its Secretariat is located in Jakarta, Indonesia.

India and ASEAN have developed a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership. Agriculture and forestry cooperation includes research, technology exchange, capacity building, food security and climate-resilient farming.

The meeting also welcomed the ASEAN Food, Agriculture and Forestry Sectoral Plan 2026–2030 and discussed the ASEAN–India Medium-Term Plan of Action for Cooperation in Agriculture and Forestry 2026–2030.

Prelims Facts

• The 9th ASEAN–India Ministerial Meeting on Agriculture and Forestry was held in New Delhi.
• The meeting was held on 9 September 2026.
• Key cooperation areas included climate-resilient agriculture, low-emission rice and AI-enabled digital agriculture.
• Soil health, agroforestry, food safety and resilient value chains were also discussed.
• The 10th ASEAN–India Agriculture Working Group Meeting was held on 8 September 2026.
• The next ASEAN–India Agriculture and Forestry Ministerial Meeting is planned for 2028.

Mains Focus & Analysis

• Agricultural cooperation with ASEAN can help India develop climate-resilient farming, improve regional food security and strengthen agricultural value chains. It also supports India's wider Act East policy and engagement with Southeast Asia.

GS Mapping

GS2: International Relations; GS3: Agriculture

News Item

India endorsed the international Call to Action for 6G Leadership and Security, joining other governments seeking open, interoperable, secure and resilient next-generation telecom networks. The Department of Telecommunications will coordinate India's follow-up actions.

Background

6G refers to the expected sixth generation of mobile communication technology after 5G. It is expected to support extremely high-speed, low-latency and intelligent networks for advanced digital services.

India's domestic 6G ecosystem includes the Bharat 6G Vision and Bharat 6G Alliance. India has stated an ambition to contribute around 10% of global 6G standards and patents.

The international initiative focuses on network security, supply-chain resilience, interoperability and cooperation in R&D and global standards.

Prelims Facts

• India endorsed the Call to Action for 6G Leadership and Security.
• The initiative promotes open, interoperable, secure and resilient networks.
• The Department of Telecommunications will coordinate India's participation.
• India aims to contribute around 10% of global 6G standards and patents.
• Bharat 6G Vision and Bharat 6G Alliance form part of India's domestic 6G ecosystem.
• Participation does not bind India to surrender its independent position in international standards bodies.

Mains Focus & Analysis

• Participation in global 6G standard-setting is strategically important because telecommunications standards influence technology supply chains, cybersecurity and future digital markets. India can benefit by strengthening domestic R&D, semiconductor capabilities and industry-academia cooperation.

GS Mapping

GS3: Science and Technology

News Item

The Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) launched an Aadhaar Face Authentication SDK and Sandbox at Global Fintech Fest 2026. The tools allow banks, fintech firms and government platforms to integrate and test Aadhaar face authentication more easily within their own applications.

Background

UIDAI is the statutory authority responsible for the Aadhaar ecosystem under the Aadhaar Act, 2016.

UIDAI's Face Authentication system uses AI/ML-based liveness and anti-spoofing features. Its face-authentication solution was introduced in 2021.

Prelims Facts

• UIDAI launched the Aadhaar Face Authentication SDK and Sandbox on 9 September 2026.
• The SDK supports native Android and iOS applications.
• It includes AI/ML-based liveness and anti-spoofing capabilities.
• The Sandbox enables controlled testing before production deployment.
• UIDAI's Face Authentication solution was launched in 2021.
• UIDAI is a statutory authority under the Aadhaar Act, 2016.

GS Mapping

GS3: Science and Technology

News Item

India launched the advanced Ocean Research Vessel Sagar Manthan at Kolkata on 9 September 2026. The indigenous research vessel is being built by GRSE for the National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research under the Ministry of Earth Sciences.

Background

Sagar Manthan is being developed under Vertical-4: Deep Ocean Survey and Exploration of India's Deep Ocean Mission.

The approximately ₹840-crore multidisciplinary vessel will support oceanographic surveys, geophysical profiling, atmospheric observations, water-column sampling and deployment of remotely operated and autonomous underwater vehicles.

It is expected to gradually replace the older ORV Sagar Kanya.

Prelims Facts

• ORV Sagar Manthan was launched at Kolkata.
• It is being built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers.
• It is being developed for the National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research.
• The vessel is under the Ministry of Earth Sciences.
• It forms part of Vertical-4 of the Deep Ocean Mission.
• The approximate project cost is ₹840 crore.
• Final delivery is scheduled for 2028.

GS Mapping

GS3: Science and Technology; Blue Economy

News Item

A government review of the PM SHRI Scheme reported that 13,092 schools had been selected by July 2026, reaching around 90% of the scheme's envisaged target. The schools are intended to demonstrate implementation of the National Education Policy 2020.

Background

Pradhan Mantri Schools for Rising India (PM SHRI) was launched on 7 September 2022.

It is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme of the Department of School Education and Literacy, Ministry of Education.

The scheme aims to strengthen more than 14,500 existing schools as exemplar institutions and has a total project cost of ₹27,360 crore for 2022–23 to 2026–27.

Prelims Facts

• PM SHRI was launched on 7 September 2022.
• It is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme.
• It seeks to develop more than 14,500 exemplar schools.
• The total project cost is ₹27,360 crore.
• The implementation period is 2022–23 to 2026–27.
• 13,092 schools had been selected by July 2026.
• Selection follows a three-stage Challenge Mode.

GS Mapping

GS2: Education

News Item

The Global Dryland Congress 2026 was announced for New Delhi from 10–12 September under the theme “Transforming Dryland Agriculture with South–South Cooperation.” More than 800 experts from scientific, policy and farming communities were expected to participate.

Background

The Congress is jointly organised by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT).

Drylands cover about 45% of the world's land surface and are home to more than two billion people. Agriculture in these regions is particularly vulnerable to water scarcity, land degradation and climate variability.

The Congress also marks 50 years of ICAR–ICRISAT partnership.

Prelims Facts

• Global Dryland Congress 2026 was scheduled in New Delhi from 10–12 September.
• Its theme is “Transforming Dryland Agriculture with South–South Cooperation.”
• It is jointly organised by ICAR and ICRISAT.
• More than 800 experts were expected to participate.
• Drylands cover about 45% of the world's land surface.
• More than two billion people live in dryland regions.
• The Congress marks 50 years of ICAR–ICRISAT partnership.

GS Mapping

GS3: Agriculture and Environment

News Item

In a major policy shift, the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting has announced that the 72nd National Film Awards will be held outside New Delhi for the first time, taking place at Ekta Nagar in Gujarat. President Droupadi Murmu will present the prestigious awards, promoting the vision of 'Ek Bharat, Shreshtha Bharat'.

Background

Instituted in 1954 as 'State Awards for Films', the National Film Awards are India's most prominent cinema honours. Over the past seven decades, they have recognized outstanding creative and technical achievements across various cinematic forms. Moving the ceremony to Ekta Nagar—home to the Statue of Unity—aligns with the objective of integrating regional diversity and decentralizing significant national events.

Prelims Facts

• New Venue: Ekta Nagar, Gujarat (First time outside New Delhi).
• Best Feature Film: Article 370.
• Best Actors: Mammootty (Bramayugam) and Kartik Aaryan (Chandu Champion).
• Best Actress: Yami Gautam (Article 370).
• Best Debut Director: Randeep Hooda (Swatantrya Veer Savarkar).
• Linguistic Milestone: A Santhali language film will be honoured in the Non-Feature section for the first time.
• Best Documentary: Ram-Nami.

GS Mapping

GS1: Indian Culture

News Item

September 8 is celebrated globally as International Literacy Day to highlight the importance of education as a fundamental human right. The 2026 global celebration, hosted in Mexico, focuses on the theme "Literacy for people, the planet and prosperity".

Background

Proclaimed by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 1966, this day reminds the international community of the status of adult learning and global literacy. Globally, literacy is essential for achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4, which aims to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education. In India, the Right to Education (RTE) Act, 2009, backed by Article 21A of the Constitution, makes education a fundamental right for children aged 6 to 14 years.

Prelims Facts

• Date Observed: September 8 annually.
• 2026 Theme: “Literacy for people, the planet and prosperity”.
• 2026 Host Country: Mexico (co-organized by UNESCO and the Government of Mexico).
• Global Initiative: The event includes discussions on the draft Action Plan for the UNESCO Global Alliance for Literacy Strategy (2026-2029).
• Indian Constitutional Link: Article 21A guarantees free and compulsory education as a fundamental right.

GS Mapping

GS2: Social Justice & Education

News Item

India has officially joined an international coalition of 25 countries, alongside the United States, to collaboratively shape the development of 6G telecommunications networks. This partnership aims to ensure secure, innovative, and competitive next-generation digital infrastructure for the future.

Background

As the world transitions from 5G, global powers are racing to establish standards for 6G, which is expected to revolutionize digital communication with ultra-high speeds and near-zero latency. The strategic alignment on 6G was formalized during the G20 Innovation Ministerial meeting in the US. Domestically, India has already laid the groundwork through the Bharat 6G Vision Document, which targets the successful deployment of 6G network technologies in the country by 2030.

Prelims Facts

• Global Initiative: India joins a 25-nation coalition to develop secure and competitive 6G technologies.
• Key Venue: The announcement followed bilateral discussions at the G20 Innovation Ministerial held in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
• Bilateral Focus: India and the US emphasized boosting cooperation in semiconductors, Artificial Intelligence (AI), data centres, and ISM 2.0 (India Semiconductor Mission).
• Domestic Target: India aims to launch 6G services by 2030 under the Bharat 6G Vision Document.

GS Mapping

GS3: Science & Technology | GS2: International Relations

News Item

In a major boost to skill development, the government has approved ₹735.70 crore under the PM-SETU scheme to transform Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) into modern, industry-ready hubs in Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Telangana. Notably, Rajasthan became the first state in India to sign a formal agreement to kickstart this initiative.

Background

The Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) were established in 1950 under the Craftsmen Training Scheme to ensure a steady flow of skilled workers. Today, India is leveraging its demographic dividend by comprehensively upgrading these institutes. The PM-SETU scheme bridges the critical gap between traditional vocational training and modern industry demands (like AI, robotics, and advanced manufacturing) by adopting a collaborative cluster model with active private sector partnership.

Prelims Facts

• Approved Clusters: Bhiwadi (Rajasthan), Medchal (Telangana), and Meerut (Uttar Pradesh).
• Total Investment: The scheme’s total approved investment has now reached ₹2,171 crore across 9 ITI clusters nationwide.
• Implementation Milestone: Rajasthan is the first state to formally sign the Shareholder Agreement (SHA) for the Bhiwadi ITI cluster.
• Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship.

GS Mapping

GS2: Government Policies & Interventions | GS3: Employment & Skill Development

News Item

The Indian Air Force (IAF) and the Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF) are set to hold the bilateral air exercise 'Veer Guardian-2026' from September 9 to 22. Hosted at the Jodhpur Air Force Station, this 14-day exercise aims to enhance tactical skills, operational synergy, and deepen the strategic military partnership between the two nations.

Background

Defense cooperation is a key pillar of the India-Japan Special Strategic and Global Partnership. Historically, both nations have increased their joint military engagements to promote a free, open, and secure Indo-Pacific region. The inaugural edition of the 'Veer Guardian' exercise was held in Japan in early 2023. Beyond the air force, India and Japan regularly conduct other significant joint military exercises, including Dharma Guardian (Army), JIMEX (Navy), and the multilateral Malabar Exercise (which also includes the US and Australia).

Prelims Facts

• Exercise Name: Veer Guardian-2026.
• Participating Nations: India and Japan.
• Venue: Jodhpur Air Force Station, Rajasthan.
• Indian Aircraft Fleet: Indigenous Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas, Sukhoi-30 MKI, and Dassault Rafale.
• Japanese Aircraft Fleet: Mitsubishi F-2A fighter jets.

GS Mapping

GS2: International Relations | GS3: Defence and Security

News Item

The Indian Air Force (IAF) is organizing Drone-a-thon 2026, a major technological event aimed at showcasing India's domestic capabilities in Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) and Counter-Unmanned Aerial Systems (CUAS). The event will provide a platform for startups, innovators, and industry experts to demonstrate cutting-edge drone and anti-drone technologies.

Background

Drones, or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), are increasingly becoming critical in modern warfare and defense logistics. To reduce reliance on foreign imports and promote self-reliance (Atmanirbhar Bharat), the Indian government launched the iDEX (Innovations for Defence Excellence) scheme and relaxed the Drone Rules in 2021. The IAF's Drone-a-thon aligns with these national goals by encouraging indigenous innovation to meet future operational security challenges.

Prelims Facts

• Event: IAF Drone-a-thon 2026.
• Organizer: Indian Air Force (IAF).
• Venue: Pokhran Range, Jaisalmer (Rajasthan).
• Core Focus Areas: Surveillance and reconnaissance, autonomous operations, swarm technology, and electronic warfare.
• Objective: To build a technologically advanced and indigenous force in alignment with the Atmanirbhar Bharat vision.

GS Mapping

GS3: Science and Technology | GS3: Defence and Security

News Item

Prime Minister Narendra Modi paid homage to legendary musician and cultural icon Dr. Bhupen Hazarika on his 100th birth anniversary. The PM highlighted how his soulful music gracefully bridged the culture of Assam and the Northeast with the rest of India.

Background

Born in 1926 in Sadiya, Assam, Dr. Bhupen Hazarika was a multifaceted genius—a playback singer, lyricist, musician, poet, and filmmaker. His songs, often written in Assamese, translated the folk music of the region into a pan-Indian consciousness. He played a pivotal role in bringing the rich heritage of the Northeast to mainstream Hindi cinema. In recognition of his unparalleled cultural legacy, he was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in 2019.

Prelims Facts

• Epithet: Widely known as 'Sudhakantha'.
• Cultural Bridge: Instrumental in popularizing Northeast India's folk culture and introducing it to mainstream Indian cinema.
• Highest Honour: Conferred with the Bharat Ratna in 2019 alongside Pranab Mukherjee and Nanaji Deshmukh.
• Infrastructure named after him: The 9.15 km long Dhola-Sadiya bridge on the Lohit River (a major tributary of the Brahmaputra) in Assam is officially named the Bhupen Hazarika Setu.

GS Mapping

GS1: Indian Culture

News Item

Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Vadodara, Gujarat, and laid the foundation stone for several development projects worth over ₹35,000 crore. These projects primarily focus on strengthening India's infrastructure, boosting the manufacturing sector, and significantly improving connectivity across the nation.

Background

India is undergoing a massive infrastructure push to reduce logistics costs, which currently hover around 14% of GDP (significantly higher than developed nations). Initiatives like the PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan aim for coordinated planning and execution of infrastructure projects. The completion of the Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC), a 2800 km mega-project spanning Eastern and Western India, is a cornerstone of this strategy. It segregates passenger and freight traffic, enabling faster movement of goods and making Indian products more globally competitive. Furthermore, schemes like PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana align with India’s climate commitments under the Paris Agreement by promoting decentralized renewable energy.

Prelims Facts

• Total Project Cost: Over ₹35,000 crore.
• Location of Event: Vadodara, Gujarat (Maharaja Sayajirao University Grounds).
• Major Milestone: Completion of the 2800 km long Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC).
• Logistics Impact: Travel time for a truck journey of 30 hours has been reduced to 10-12 hours for freight trains.
• Defense Manufacturing Link: Vadodara is the birthplace of India's first indigenously manufactured military transport aircraft, the C-295.

Mains Focus & Analysis

• The integration of physical infrastructure (like the DFC) with human capital development (AI skilling, free coaching initiatives) reflects a comprehensive strategy for 'Viksit Bharat' by 2047. The focus on domestic manufacturing ("Chips to Ships") and renewable energy ensures economic resilience, global competitiveness, and sustainable growth while transitioning away from import dependence.

GS Mapping

GS3: Infrastructure | GS3: Economy

News Item

Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed the Global Fintech Fest (GFF) 2026 in Mumbai, highlighting India's remarkable fintech journey and the massive success of UPI. He outlined a future roadmap emphasizing the global expansion of UPI and the integration of advanced technologies like Agentic AI and Quantum computing in the financial sector.

Background

India is one of the fastest-growing fintech markets globally, driven by digital initiatives like the JAM trinity (Jan Dhan, Aadhaar, Mobile). The Global Fintech Fest is an annual flagship event jointly organized by the Payments Council of India (PCI), the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), and the Fintech Convergence Council (FCC). The Prime Minister stressed moving fintech beyond just digital payments into credit, insurance, savings, and pensions, while ensuring robust cybersecurity and ethical data protection.

Prelims Facts

• Event: Global Fintech Fest (GFF) 2026 held in Mumbai.
• Core Focus Areas for Fintech: Global expansion of UPI, broadening the scope to credit, insurance, savings, investment, and pensions.
• Emerging Technologies Highlighted: Agentic AI, Tokenization, and Quantum computing.
• Consumer Protection: Emphasized the creation of a robust Fintech Consumer Protection Index and ensuring ethical data privacy.

GS Mapping

GS3: Indian Economy & Mobilization of Resources | GS3: Science & Technology

News Item

President Droupadi Murmu presented the prestigious President's Cup of the Durand Cup Tournament 2026 to the winning team, East Bengal FC, at Rashtrapati Bhavan. This marks a historic victory for the club in Asia's oldest football tournament.

Background

The Durand Cup is the oldest existing football club tournament in Asia and the third oldest in the world. It was initiated in 1888 at Shimla by Sir Mortimer Durand, the then Foreign Secretary of British India. Unlike most modern sporting events, the tournament is uniquely hosted by the Durand Football Tournament Society (DFTS) in collaboration with the Indian Armed Forces, highlighting the historical connection between the military and the sport in India.

Prelims Facts

• The Durand Cup is the oldest football tournament in Asia and third-oldest globally.
• It was first organized in 1888 by Sir Mortimer Durand in Shimla.
• The tournament is historically managed and conducted by the Indian Armed Forces.
• The winning team receives three unique trophies: the President's Cup, the Durand Cup, and the Shimla Trophy.
• East Bengal FC won the tournament in 2026, receiving the cup from the President of India.

GS Mapping

Prelims: Sports and Current Affairs

News Item

NGT Chairperson Justice Prakash Shrivastava emphasized that clean air is a fundamental human need, not a luxury, during the International Day of Clean Air for Blue Skies event in New Delhi. The occasion also witnessed the presentation of the Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan Awards to states and cities for improving air quality under the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP).

Background

The right to a clean environment, including clean air, is recognized as a fundamental right under Article 21 (Right to Life) of the Indian Constitution. To tackle rising pollution, the Indian government launched the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) in 2019 as a national-level strategy to reduce particulate matter concentration. Air pollution is a transboundary issue with multiple sources, making collaborative action essential for sustainable development and public health.

Prelims Facts

• The International Day of Clean Air for Blue Skies is celebrated annually on September 7.
• The Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan ranking evaluates cities under the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP).
• The NCAP targets a 40% reduction in PM concentrations in non-attainment cities by 2025-26.
• The right to clean air is an implicit fundamental right under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution.
• Justice Prakash Shrivastava currently serves as the Chairperson of the National Green Tribunal (NGT).

GS Mapping

GS3: Environment

News Item

The Ministry of Women and Child Development launched the 9th Rashtriya Poshan Maah (National Nutrition Month) in Varanasi. Themed "Hamari Anganwadi Hamari Jimmedari", this year's campaign aims to improve nutrition, health, and early childhood care by encouraging community ownership of Anganwadi centres.

Background

POSHAN Abhiyaan (Prime Minister's Overarching Scheme for Holistic Nutrition) was launched in 2018 from Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, to make India malnutrition-free. It targets stunting, undernutrition, anaemia, and low birth weight. The campaign is now part of Mission Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0, an integrated nutrition support programme. Furthermore, under Article 47 of the Indian Constitution (Directive Principles of State Policy), it is the primary duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition, standard of living, and public health.

Prelims Facts

• The 9th Rashtriya Poshan Maah (2026) was officially launched in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh.
• The theme for the 2026 campaign is “Hamari Anganwadi Hamari Jimmedari”.
• The revised Supplementary Nutrition Programme (SNP) guidelines now explicitly mandate Hot Cooked Meals and Menu Boards at Anganwadi Centres.
• Mission Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0 amalgamates POSHAN Abhiyaan and the supplementary nutrition programmes to optimize resource utilization.
• Article 47 of the Indian Constitution categorizes the raising of the level of nutrition as a Directive Principle of State Policy.

GS Mapping

GS2: Social Justice and Vulnerable Sections

News Item

In a major breakthrough for future quantum computing, researchers from the Raman Research Institute (RRI) and international partners have discovered a way to protect delicate quantum entanglement. By applying a precisely timed 'flip' process, they successfully delayed and even prevented the sudden loss of entanglement, proving that *when* to act is just as important as *what* action to take.

Background

Quantum Entanglement, famously dubbed "spooky action at a distance" by Albert Einstein, is a phenomenon where particles become interconnected, such that the state of one instantly influences the other, regardless of distance. It is the foundational resource for quantum computers and secure communication. However, interaction with the surrounding environment causes this link to decay or abruptly vanish—a phenomenon known as "Entanglement Sudden Death". Protecting this state without altering the hardware is a massive leap for India's National Quantum Mission (NQM), which funded part of this study.

Prelims Facts

• Quantum Entanglement allows particles to share states instantaneously across massive distances.
• Entanglement Sudden Death refers to the abrupt loss of quantum linkage due to environmental noise, even before natural decay finishes.
• A new study by the Raman Research Institute (RRI), an autonomous body under the Department of Science & Technology (DST), proved that a precisely timed 'flip' operation can rescue entangled particles from this sudden death.
• Polarization (the direction of light wave oscillation) was used as the two-level system in this experiment to mimic excited and ground states of a particle.
• The research is partially funded by the National Quantum Mission (NQM).

GS Mapping

GS3: Science and Technology

News Item

Justice Maheshchandra Tripathi, currently serving as a judge at the Allahabad High Court, has been appointed as the new Chief Justice of the Bombay High Court. His appointment was recently approved by the President of India, making him the 50th Chief Justice to lead this prestigious institution.

Background

The Bombay High Court is one of the oldest high courts in India, established under the High Courts Act of 1861. It possesses a vast territorial jurisdiction covering the states of Maharashtra and Goa, along with the Union Territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. The appointment of the Chief Justice of a High Court is fundamentally governed by Article 217 of the Indian Constitution. According to this constitutional provision, the Chief Justice of a High Court is appointed by the President of India after a mandatory consultation with the Chief Justice of India (CJI) and the Governor of the respective state. Furthermore, the transfer of a sitting judge from one High Court to another is executed under Article 222 of the Constitution.

Prelims Facts

• The Bombay High Court was inaugurated on August 14, 1862, alongside the High Courts of Calcutta and Madras.
• The retirement age for a High Court Judge is 62 years, while a Supreme Court Judge retires at 65 years.
• The President of India appoints and transfers the judges of the High Courts, acting on the binding recommendations of the Supreme Court Collegium.
• Although appointed by the President, the oath of office to a High Court Judge is administered by the Governor of the State.

GS Mapping

GS2: Polity and Governance | GS2: Judiciary

News Item

President Droupadi Murmu has appointed former Uttar Pradesh Deputy Chief Minister Dr. Dinesh Sharma as the new Lieutenant Governor (LG) of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. He succeeds Admiral D K Joshi (Retd.), who had been serving in the prestigious constitutional post since October 2017.

Background

Union Territories (UTs) in India do not have their own independent governments like states; instead, they are directly administered by the President of India. According to Article 239 of the Indian Constitution, this administration is carried out through an administrator appointed by the President. Depending on the UT, this administrator is designated as a Lieutenant Governor (LG), Chief Commissioner, or simply an Administrator. An LG acts as an agent of the President and enjoys more executive powers compared to a State Governor, who is a titular head acting on the advice of the Council of Ministers. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands, strategically located in the Bay of Bengal and guarding India's eastern maritime frontiers, have been a Union Territory since 1956 and are headed by an LG.

Prelims Facts

• Under Article 239, the President appoints administrators for Union Territories, who can be designated as Lieutenant Governors.
• The Andaman and Nicobar Islands were constituted as a Union Territory in 1956 under the States Reorganisation Act.
• The Ten Degree Channel geographically separates the Andaman Islands from the Nicobar Islands.
• Barren Island, situated in the Andaman Sea, is the only confirmed active volcano in the Indian subcontinent.
• The Saddle Peak National Park is located in the North Andaman Island.

GS Mapping

GS2: Polity and Governance | GS1: Geography

News Item

Prime Minister Narendra Modi virtually addressed the historic inauguration of the BAPS Swaminarayan Temple in Paris, France. Highlighting the deep cultural and spiritual ties between the two nations, he described the grand temple as a symbol of 'Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam' (the world is one family) and a beautiful fusion of ancient Indian craftsmanship and modern French engineering.

Background

The construction of traditional Hindu temples globally has become a significant tool of India's cultural diplomacy (soft power). The Bochasanwasi Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha (BAPS) has built prominent stone temples in places like Abu Dhabi (UAE) and Robbinsville (USA), utilizing traditional Indian architectural sciences (Vastu Shastra and Shilpa Shastra). India and France share a deeply rooted cultural history. In the early 20th century, prominent French scholars played a massive role in translating Sanskrit texts. Furthermore, 2026 is being celebrated as the 'India-France Year of Innovation', building upon their Special Global Strategic Partnership that spans space, defence, and climate action.

Prelims Facts

• 2026 is officially being celebrated as the 'India-France Year of Innovation'.
• The first traditional Hindu stone temple in the Middle East, the BAPS Hindu Mandir, was inaugurated in Abu Dhabi (UAE) in early 2024.
• French author Romain Rolland won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1915 and actively popularized Indian philosophy in Europe.
• The Auroville township, an international experiment in human unity, was founded by the French-born spiritual leader Mirra Alfassa ('The Mother').

GS Mapping

GS1: Art and Culture | GS2: International Relations

News Item

The Indian Air Force's (IAF) renowned Sarang Helicopter Display Team has arrived in Egypt to participate in the prestigious El Alamein International Airshow in September 2026. Flying the indigenous ALH Dhruv, the team will showcase India's aviation prowess, reflecting the deepening defense ties and strategic partnership between New Delhi and Cairo.

Background

Defence diplomacy plays a vital role in India's foreign policy. Formed in 2003, the Sarang team (meaning 'Peacock' in Sanskrit) is the official helicopter aerobatics team of the IAF. It holds the unique distinction of being the world's only five-helicopter military display team. They fly the Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH) Dhruv, which is designed and manufactured indigenously in India. Over the years, India and Egypt have significantly upgraded their bilateral relations to a 'Strategic Partnership', with defense cooperation being a major pillar (highlighted by joint military exercises like 'Cyclone'). The participation of the IAF in this Egyptian airshow highlights mutual trust and provides a global platform to market India's aerospace manufacturing capabilities to African and Middle Eastern nations.

Prelims Facts

• The El Alamein International Airshow is hosted by Egypt, bringing together global aerospace, defense, and space professionals.
• The Sarang Team flies the domestically built ALH Dhruv helicopters manufactured by HAL.
• India and Egypt recently elevated their ties to a Strategic Partnership during the Egyptian President's visit as the Chief Guest for India's Republic Day in 2023.
• The IAF's Sarang team is uniquely known for its 'Dolphin Leap' and the newly introduced 'Spot Stall Turn' maneuver.

GS Mapping

GS3: Defence and Security | GS2: International Relations

News Item

India's star badminton duo, Satwiksairaj Rankireddy and Chirag Shetty, have scripted history by winning their first-ever men's doubles title at the China Masters in Shenzhen. In a thrilling summit clash, they defeated the Chinese pair of He Ji Ting and Ren Xiang Yu, marking their second major title of the season.

Background

The China Masters is an esteemed annual badminton tournament held in China and is categorized as a BWF World Tour Super 750 event. Satwik and Chirag, affectionately known as 'Sat-Chi', have been the vanguard of Indian badminton on the global stage. Their latest victory in China adds another massive milestone to their illustrious career, especially after narrowly finishing as runners-up in the 2023 and 2025 editions of the same tournament. Earlier this season, the resilient duo also secured the Singapore Open Super 750 title, continuing their dominant run in international badminton.

Prelims Facts

• The Indian pair won the China Masters men's doubles title by defeating the Chinese duo He Ji Ting and Ren Xiang Yu.
• This victory marks India’s first-ever title at the prestigious China Masters badminton tournament.
• The China Masters operates as a BWF World Tour Super 750 grade tournament.
• Earlier in the season, Satwik and Chirag also claimed the Singapore Open Super 750 title.

GS Mapping

Prelims: Sports and Awards

News Item

On the historic 100th anniversary of Shri Ram College of Commerce (SRCC), Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed the youth, highlighting India's economic resilience. Despite global wars and trade disruptions, India has achieved a stellar 7.8% economic growth rate. He urged the new generation to look beyond managing foreign multinational companies and instead focus on building India's own global giants in consulting, accounting, and finance.

Background

Established in 1926 by the visionary industrialist Lala Shri Ram, SRCC is India's premier institution for commerce and economics. During the centenary event, the PM contrasted the past era of "policy paralysis" with today's dynamic governance, emphasizing the success of the "Pro-People Good Governance" (P2G2) model. A classic example of this is the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY). Before 2014, over half of India's population was completely cut off from formal banking. Today, PMJDY has brought around 60 crore citizens into the banking net, laying the ultimate foundation for India's massive UPI and fintech revolution. Similarly, the Make in India initiative has aggressively transformed India from a dependent importer to a rising export hub, dramatically boosting smartphone and defence manufacturing.

Prelims Facts

• The Shri Ram College of Commerce (SRCC) recently completed 100 years, established initially in 1926 as a commercial school in Daryaganj, Delhi.
• Despite global headwinds, the Indian economy achieved a strong 7.8% growth rate in the April-June quarter of 2026.
• Driven by Make in India, India's defence exports skyrocketed from approximately ₹600 crore in 2013-14 to a record high of ₹40,000 crore.
• Indian Railways has achieved nearly 100% electrification of its broad-gauge network, a massive leap from less than 30% prior to 2014.

GS Mapping

GS3: Economy | GS2: Governance

News Item

Union Home Minister Amit Shah will chair the 28th meeting of the Western Zonal Council in Panaji, Goa. This crucial meeting brings states together to resolve shared problems, boost mutual cooperation, and strengthen the spirit of 'Team Bharat' through cooperative federalism.

Background

India’s federal structure requires continuous dialogue between the Centre and the States to function smoothly. To facilitate this, Zonal Councils were established under the States Reorganisation Act of 1956, making them statutory (and not constitutional) bodies. There are five initial councils—Northern, Central, Eastern, Western, and Southern. A separate North Eastern Council was later created in 1971. These councils act as high-level advisory bodies where Chief Ministers and senior officials sit together to discuss border disputes, infrastructure, internal security, and national schemes. The Union Home Minister acts as the common Chairman of all Zonal Councils, ensuring a unified approach to regional challenges.

Prelims Facts

• Zonal Councils are statutory bodies created by the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, not Constitutional bodies.
• The North Eastern Council is not part of the original five; it was created by a separate Parliamentary Act in 1971.
• The Union Home Minister is the common Chairman of all five Zonal Councils.
• The decisions of the Zonal Councils are advisory in nature and not legally binding on the member states.
• Article 263 of the Constitution deals with the Inter-State Council, which is different from Zonal Councils.

GS Mapping

GS2: Polity and Governance | GS2: Federalism

News Item

On the occasion of National Teachers' Day (September 5, 2026), President Droupadi Murmu conferred the prestigious National Awards to Teachers in New Delhi, honoring exceptional educators from across the country. Highlighting that education is the strongest tool to achieve the Constitutional ideal of 'equality of opportunity', she urged teachers to foster moral values, skill development, and confidence among students to build a developed India.

Background

The National Teachers' Day is celebrated annually on September 5 to commemorate the birth anniversary of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, India's first Vice-President and second President. To recognize the phenomenal contribution of educators, the Ministry of Education instituted the National Awards to Teachers in 1958. These awards celebrate teachers who have not only improved the quality of school education but also deeply enriched the lives of their students, especially those from marginalized backgrounds. The President proudly noted that the dropout rate in primary schools has become negligible due to the dedicated efforts of such teachers. Emphasizing the vision of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, she stated that quality education and foundational skill development are essential to transforming India into a global knowledge superpower.

Prelims Facts

• World Teachers' Day is celebrated globally on October 5 under the leadership of UNESCO, exactly one month after India's National Teachers' Day.
• The Constitution of India guarantees the Right to Education as a Fundamental Right under Article 21A, which was added by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002.
• Article 45 of the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) directs the State to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years.
• The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 replaced the 34-year-old National Policy on Education (NPE), 1986, aiming to achieve a 100% Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in school education by 2030.

GS Mapping

GS2: Social Issues | GS2: Education

News Item

In Chennai, Vice President Shri C.P. Radhakrishnan released a commemorative postage stamp to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the prominent Tamil daily newspaper, Dinamalar. He praised the publication for its fearless journalism and for upholding the core values of truth and patriotism since its inception.

Background

The Indian press has historically played a massive role in shaping public opinion, especially vernacular (regional language) newspapers which connect directly with the grassroots. Dinamalar was founded in 1951 with a resolve to be a touchstone of truth. Over the decades, it has become one of the most widely read Tamil dailies, reflecting the power of regional media in post-independence India. To honour institutions, events, or personalities that have made a significant national impact, the Department of Posts (under the Ministry of Communications) issues commemorative stamps. This act not only celebrates their legacy but also officially records their contribution to the nation's history.

Prelims Facts

• Dinamalar, a prominent Tamil daily newspaper, was founded in 1951 by T.V. Ramasubba Iyer.
• The newspaper publishes a special student-focused edition called 'Pattam', which aims to improve general awareness and scientific innovation among school children.
• Commemorative postage stamps in India are issued exclusively by the Department of Posts, Ministry of Communications.
• Freedom of the press in India is not explicitly mentioned but is implicitly protected under the Freedom of Speech and Expression guaranteed by Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution.

GS Mapping

GS2: Polity and Governance | GS1: Modern Indian History

News Item

At the recently held BRICS Chief Justices' Forum in New Delhi, the Indian judicial delegation emphasised the importance of timely justice and effective mediation for cross-border commercial disputes. Drawing a historical parallel to the ancient Nalanda University, the forum called for making BRICS a borderless centre of global legal learning, mutual cooperation, and technological integration.

Background

The BRICS Chief Justices' Forum is a high-level platform for the topmost judicial officers of BRICS member states to discuss legal cooperation, sustainable development, and judicial reforms. As international trade among BRICS nations expands, businesses require credible, efficient, and workable dispute-resolution mechanisms. To reduce the burden on traditional courts, India has strongly advocated for Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms. National campaigns like "Mediation for the Nation" and the enactment of the Mediation Act, 2023 have brought institutional mediation into the spotlight, aiming to resolve commercial conflicts through dialogue rather than prolonged litigation.

Prelims Facts

• The BRICS Chief Justices' Forum focused on themes like Mediation, Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Judiciary, and Judicial Leadership for Sustainable Development.
• Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms include Arbitration, Conciliation, Mediation, and Lok Adalats.
• The Mediation Act, 2023 legally recognises mediated settlement agreements as enforceable decrees of a civil court.
• Ancient Nalanda University flourished under the patronage of both the Gupta Empire and the later Pala Empire.

GS Mapping

GS2: Polity and Governance | GS2: International Relations

News Item

India has successfully launched its first imaging satellite into a geosynchronous orbit, EOS-05, using the GSLV-F17 rocket from Sriharikota. This state-of-the-art satellite will provide real-time, high-quality imagery to significantly boost the nation's capabilities in agriculture and disaster management.

Background

A geosynchronous orbit is a high Earth orbit that allows a satellite to match Earth's rotation, enabling it to constantly monitor specific regions over time. Earth Observation Satellites (EOS) are equipped with remote sensing technology to study Earth's physical, chemical, and biological systems. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) uses heavy-lift rockets like the GSLV to place these advanced satellites into higher orbits, reducing the time it takes to revisit and image the same location compared to lower orbits.

Prelims Facts

• Satellite Name: EOS-05.
• Launch Vehicle: GSLV-F17.
• Payload Mass: 2,367 kg.
• Launch Site: Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota.
• Orbit Type: Sub-geosynchronous orbit.
• Primary Applications: Real-time imagery for agriculture, forestry, and rapid disaster management.

GS Mapping

GS3: Science and Technology, Space Exploration.

News Item

The International Cricket Council (ICC) has decided to relocate the inaugural Women's Champions Trophy 2027 from Sri Lanka to India. This elite six-team tournament will take place in Mumbai and Vadodara in February 2027, showcasing India's increasing dominance and infrastructure capabilities in hosting major global sporting events.

Background

The International Cricket Council (ICC) is the global governing body of cricket, headquartered in Dubai. While the Champions Trophy has historically been a prestigious event in men's cricket, the ICC recently approved its women's edition to boost the sport's global viewership and competitiveness. Sri Lanka was originally designated as the host but was dropped due to ongoing internal governance and administrative issues within the country's national cricket board.

Prelims Facts

• Host Country: India (Replaced Sri Lanka).
• Host Cities: Mumbai and Vadodara.
• Participating Teams: 6 (Australia, England, India, New Zealand, South Africa, and Sri Lanka).
• Qualification Criteria: Based on the ICC Women’s T20 International Team Rankings as of the July 6 cutoff date.
• Tournament Format: Round-robin league format, where the top two teams will advance directly to the final.

GS Mapping

Prelims: Current Events of National and International Importance (Sports).

News Item

Prime Minister Narendra Modi congratulated his Italian counterpart, Giorgia Meloni, for setting a historic record as Italy's longest continuously serving Prime Minister since World War II. The milestone highlights her strong domestic leadership and the deepening India-Italy Special Strategic Partnership.

Background

Italy has historically seen highly unstable governments, with dozens of Prime Ministers taking office and resigning since the end of World War II in 1945. Giorgia Meloni assumed office in October 2022, bringing unusual political stability to the European nation. On the diplomatic front, India and Italy share strong historical ties, which were officially upgraded to a Special Strategic Partnership in March 2023. This partnership focuses on enhancing cooperation in defence, green energy, cybersecurity, and emerging technologies.

Prelims Facts

• Record Set: Longest continuously serving post-war Prime Minister of Italy.
• Personality in News: Giorgia Meloni (First female PM of Italy).
• India-Italy Diplomatic Milestone: Upgraded to a "Special Strategic Partnership" in March 2023.
• Geographical Note: Italy is a Southern European country bordering the Mediterranean Sea; its capital is Rome.

GS Mapping

GS2: International Relations, Bilateral Agreements involving India.

News Item

Indian school students secured a historic tally of nine medals, including four golds, at the 19th International Earth Science Olympiad (IESO) held in Turin, Italy. The Union Minister of Earth Sciences felicitated the team for registering India's best-ever performance in the history of this prestigious global competition.

Background

The International Earth Science Olympiad (IESO) is a major annual global competition for secondary school students, designed to foster interest in earth and environmental sciences. It tests students on diverse topics like geology, meteorology, oceanography, and astronomy. In India, the national selection process begins with an all-India entrance exam conducted by the Geological Society of India, followed by an intensive training camp. The entire initiative is funded by the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) as part of its broader outreach to nurture young scientific minds alongside major national missions like the Deep Ocean Mission and PRITHVI.

Prelims Facts

• Host City for 19th IESO (2026): Turin, Italy.
• India's Medal Tally: 9 Medals (4 Gold, 3 Silver, 2 Bronze).
• Top Indian Performer: Soumik Mandal (Ranked 3rd globally).
• Nodal Ministry in India: Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES).
• National Coordinating Body: Geological Society of India (GSI).
• Associated Mega Missions of MoES: Deep Ocean Mission, Mission Mausam, and PRITHVI (Prithvi Vigyan) scheme.

GS Mapping

GS3: Science and Technology, Awareness in the fields of Space and Earth Sciences.

News Item

To combat the rising crisis of drug abuse among the youth, the 89th edition of the Fit India 'Sunday on Cycle' was organised in Surat, Gujarat, with the central theme 'Nasha Mukt Yuva for Viksit Bharat' (Drug-free youth for a developed India). The initiative uses fitness, sports, and community participation to build a healthy, active, and drug-free generation.

Background

The Fit India Movement is a nation-wide campaign launched by PM Narendra Modi on National Sports Day (August 29, 2019) to encourage people to inculcate physical activity and sports in their everyday lives. This specific cycling event aligns with the broader goals of the Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan (NMBA), a flagship campaign launched in 2020 by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment to tackle substance abuse in vulnerable districts. The current drive is part of a special 100-week nationwide public participation campaign focusing on anti-drug awareness through sports.

Prelims Facts

• Event Location: Surat, Gujarat.
• Theme: Nasha Mukt Yuva for Viksit Bharat.
• Organising Ministry (Fit India): Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.
• Key Participants: Prominent athletes like Achanta Sharath Kamal (Table Tennis) and Sarita Mor (Wrestling) actively supported the initiative.

GS Mapping

GS2: Social Justice, Issues Related to Vulnerable Sections, Government Policies and Interventions.

News Item

During the official visit of Belgian Prime Minister Bart De Wever to India, both nations agreed to significantly deepen their bilateral ties across various sectors. They focused on doubling bilateral trade over the next five years and strengthening cooperation in defense, clean energy, semiconductors, and port development.

Background

India and Belgium share a long history, with Belgium being among the first European nations to establish diplomatic relations with India in 1947. Over 9,000 Indian soldiers made the ultimate sacrifice in Flanders Fields (Belgium) during World War I. The year 2027 will mark the 80th anniversary of diplomatic relations between the two nations. Belgium is the 24th largest economy in the world and serves as a critical gateway to Europe, particularly through the Port of Antwerp. The recent bilateral talks build upon the India-EU Strategic Partnership, emphasizing early conclusion of the EU-India Free Trade Agreement, maritime security, and collaborative efforts against global terrorism. Both countries also established the India-Belgium Investment Fast Track Mechanism to facilitate mutual investments.

Prelims Facts

• The year 2027 will mark the 80th anniversary of diplomatic relations between India and Belgium.
• Belgium was among the first European countries to establish diplomatic ties with independent India in 1947.
• During World War I, over 9,000 Indian soldiers lost their lives in the battles of Flanders Fields in Belgium.
• The India-Belgium Investment Fast Track Mechanism has been launched to facilitate and expand mutual investments.
• India and Belgium signed an MoU to enhance cooperation in Renewable Energy, focusing on green hydrogen, offshore wind, and solar energy.

GS Mapping

GS2: International Relations | GS2: Bilateral Groupings & Agreements

News Item

Prime Minister Narendra Modi expressed deep sorrow over the passing of veteran Gujarati music composer Shri Gaurang Vyas. He was a celebrated figure in the regional music industry who masterfully carried forward the rich musical legacy of his father, Avinash Vyas.

Background

Gaurang Vyas played a monumental role in popularising Sugam Sangeet (light vocal music) and traditional folk tunes across Gujarat. Regional music in India is a powerful tool for preserving local dialects, ancient folklore, and cultural identity. By blending classical roots with modern appeal, composers like Vyas ensured that the vibrant heritage of Gujarati cinema and non-film music continued to thrive and reach younger generations.

Prelims Facts

• Sugam Sangeet translates to 'light music' and is a popular form of vocal music in India that focuses on poetry and melody rather than strict classical grammar.
• The state of Gujarat has a rich tradition of folk music, including globally recognised dance-music forms like Garba and Dandiya Raas.
• Garba of Gujarat was recently inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

GS Mapping

GS1: Art and Culture