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2026-09-13
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Lead Issueप्रमुख विषय
International Relations · Lead 1
BRICS Summit Concludes with Over 50 Concrete Outcomes
The 18th BRICS Summit concluded in New Delhi on 13 September 2026 under India’s Chairship. The Ministry of External Affairs said the Summit produced more than 50 concrete and development-oriented …

Exam Points

  • The 18th BRICS Summit concluded in New Delhi on 13 September 2026.
  • India held the BRICS Chairship in 2026.
  • More than 50 concrete outcomes were reported across thematic tracks.
  • China will take over the BRICS Chairship for 2027.
  • Reports from the BRICS Business Council and BRICS Women’s Business Alliance were presented to leaders.
  • BRICS has consistently supported reform of the United Nations and greater representation for developing countries.
GS2: International Relations

News Item

The 18th BRICS Summit concluded in New Delhi on 13 September 2026 under India’s Chairship. The Ministry of External Affairs said the Summit produced more than 50 concrete and development-oriented outcomes across thematic tracks, while BRICS members reiterated support for stronger multilateralism and reform of global governance institutions.

Background

BRICS began as BRIC in 2006 with Brazil, Russia, India and China. South Africa later joined, and the grouping subsequently expanded. In 2026, BRICS has 11 full members.

India held the BRICS Chairship for the fourth time in 2026. The Summit was organised under the theme “Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability.” India used its Chairship to emphasise the concerns of the Global South, reform of international institutions, development cooperation and wider participation of women and youth.

Prelims Facts

  • The 18th BRICS Summit concluded in New Delhi on 13 September 2026.
  • India held the BRICS Chairship in 2026.
  • More than 50 concrete outcomes were reported across thematic tracks.
  • China will take over the BRICS Chairship for 2027.
  • Reports from the BRICS Business Council and BRICS Women’s Business Alliance were presented to leaders.
  • BRICS has consistently supported reform of the United Nations and greater representation for developing countries.
Mains Focus & Analysis
  • India used its BRICS Chairship to strengthen the voice of the Global South and push for reform of international institutions. The long-term effectiveness of BRICS will depend on whether its expanding and diverse membership can convert political declarations into practical cooperation on development, technology, finance and global governance.

GS Mapping

GS2: International Relations

Quick Check · 1 question
Q1. Consider the following statements regarding the 18th BRICS Summit: 1. It concluded in New Delhi under India’s Chairship. 2. China is to take over the BRICS Chairship for 2027. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Answer: C
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. The 18th BRICS Summit concluded in New Delhi under India’s 2026 Chairship. Statement 2 is correct. China is scheduled to assume the BRICS Chairship for 2027.
BRICS Summit 50 से अधिक ठोस परिणामों के साथ संपन्न
18वां BRICS Summit 13 सितंबर 2026 को भारत की अध्यक्षता में नई दिल्ली में संपन्न हुआ। विदेश मंत्रालय के अनुसार Summit में विभिन्न thematic tracks के तहत 50 से अधिक …

परीक्षा बिंदु (Exam Points)

  • 18वां BRICS Summit 13 सितंबर 2026 को नई दिल्ली में संपन्न हुआ।
  • भारत ने 2026 में BRICS की अध्यक्षता की।
  • विभिन्न thematic tracks में 50 से अधिक concrete outcomes सामने आए।
  • China 2027 के लिए BRICS Chairship संभालेगा।
  • BRICS Business Council और BRICS Women’s Business Alliance की reports नेताओं के सामने प्रस्तुत की गईं।
  • BRICS United Nations reform और developing countries के अधिक representation का समर्थन करता रहा है।
GS2: अंतरराष्ट्रीय संबंध

समाचार

18वां BRICS Summit 13 सितंबर 2026 को भारत की अध्यक्षता में नई दिल्ली में संपन्न हुआ। विदेश मंत्रालय के अनुसार Summit में विभिन्न thematic tracks के तहत 50 से अधिक concrete और development-oriented outcomes सामने आए। BRICS देशों ने मजबूत multilateralism और global governance institutions में reform के समर्थन को भी दोहराया।

प्रारंभिक परीक्षा तथ्य

  • 18वां BRICS Summit 13 सितंबर 2026 को नई दिल्ली में संपन्न हुआ।
  • भारत ने 2026 में BRICS की अध्यक्षता की।
  • विभिन्न thematic tracks में 50 से अधिक concrete outcomes सामने आए।
  • China 2027 के लिए BRICS Chairship संभालेगा।
  • BRICS Business Council और BRICS Women’s Business Alliance की reports नेताओं के सामने प्रस्तुत की गईं।
  • BRICS United Nations reform और developing countries के अधिक representation का समर्थन करता रहा है।
मुख्य परीक्षा दृष्टिकोण (विश्लेषण)
  • भारत ने अपनी BRICS Chairship का उपयोग Global South की आवाज मजबूत करने और international institutions में reform की मांग आगे बढ़ाने के लिए किया। BRICS की दीर्घकालिक प्रभावशीलता इस बात पर निर्भर करेगी कि उसका विस्तृत और विविध membership development, technology, finance और global governance में political declarations को practical cooperation में कितना बदल पाता है।

जीएस मैपिंग

GS2: अंतरराष्ट्रीय संबंध

त्वरित अभ्यास · 1 प्रश्न
प्र1. 18वें BRICS Summit के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए: 1. यह भारत की अध्यक्षता में नई दिल्ली में संपन्न हुआ। 2. China 2027 के लिए BRICS Chairship संभालेगा। उपर्युक्त में से कौन-से कथन सही हैं?
उत्तर: C
व्याख्या: कथन 1 सही है। 18वां BRICS Summit भारत की 2026 Chairship में नई दिल्ली में संपन्न हुआ। कथन 2 सही है। China 2027 में BRICS Chairship संभालेगा।
Second Leadदूसरा प्रमुख विषय
International Relations · Lead 2
Iran and Oman Agree on New Strait of Hormuz Shipping Routes
Iran and Oman agreed on new entry and exit shipping routes through the Strait of Hormuz on 13 September 2026. Under the proposed arrangement, the entry route into the Gulf …

Exam Points

  • The Strait of Hormuz lies between Iran and Oman.
  • It connects the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman.
  • Oman’s Musandam Peninsula lies close to the Strait.
  • Iran and Oman agreed on new entry and exit shipping routes in September 2026.
  • The proposed entry route would lie entirely in Iranian territorial waters.
  • Disruption in the Strait can influence international oil and gas markets.
GS1: Geography; GS2: International Relations; GS3: Energy Security

News Item

Iran and Oman agreed on new entry and exit shipping routes through the Strait of Hormuz on 13 September 2026. Under the proposed arrangement, the entry route into the Gulf would lie entirely within Iranian territorial waters, while part of the exit route would also pass through waters under Iranian control.

Background

The Strait of Hormuz is a narrow and strategically important maritime passage between Iran and the Musandam Peninsula of Oman. It connects the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman, which opens into the Arabian Sea.

Major oil and gas exporters around the Persian Gulf depend heavily on this route. Therefore, disruptions in the Strait can affect global energy prices, shipping insurance, freight costs and supply chains. The Iran–Oman arrangement was expected to be discussed with other Gulf countries as part of wider regional consultations.

Prelims Facts

  • The Strait of Hormuz lies between Iran and Oman.
  • It connects the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman.
  • Oman’s Musandam Peninsula lies close to the Strait.
  • Iran and Oman agreed on new entry and exit shipping routes in September 2026.
  • The proposed entry route would lie entirely in Iranian territorial waters.
  • Disruption in the Strait can influence international oil and gas markets.
Mains Focus & Analysis
  • The development underlines how maritime geography and geopolitics directly affect global energy security. For India, which depends heavily on imported energy, stability around the Strait of Hormuz is important for crude-oil prices, shipping insurance and uninterrupted supply.

GS Mapping

GS1: Geography; GS2: International Relations; GS3: Energy Security

Quick Check · 1 question
Q1. Consider the following statements regarding the Strait of Hormuz: 1. It connects the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman. 2. It lies between Iran and Oman. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Answer: C
Explanation: Both statements are correct. The Strait of Hormuz lies between Iran and Oman and links the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman.
Iran और Oman ने Strait of Hormuz के लिए नए shipping routes पर सहमति बनाई
Iran और Oman ने 13 सितंबर 2026 को Strait of Hormuz से गुजरने वाले नए entry और exit shipping routes पर सहमति बनाई। प्रस्तावित व्यवस्था में Gulf में प्रवेश करने …

परीक्षा बिंदु (Exam Points)

  • Strait of Hormuz Iran और Oman के बीच स्थित है।
  • यह Persian Gulf को Gulf of Oman से जोड़ता है।
  • Oman का Musandam Peninsula Strait के निकट स्थित है।
  • Iran और Oman ने सितंबर 2026 में नए entry और exit shipping routes पर सहमति बनाई।
  • प्रस्तावित entry route पूरी तरह Iranian territorial waters में होगा।
  • Strait में disruption international oil और gas markets को प्रभावित कर सकता है।
GS1: भूगोल; GS2: अंतरराष्ट्रीय संबंध; GS3: ऊर्जा सुरक्षा

समाचार

Iran और Oman ने 13 सितंबर 2026 को Strait of Hormuz से गुजरने वाले नए entry और exit shipping routes पर सहमति बनाई। प्रस्तावित व्यवस्था में Gulf में प्रवेश करने वाला route पूरी तरह Iranian territorial waters में होगा, जबकि exit route का कुछ हिस्सा भी Iran के नियंत्रण वाले waters से गुजरेगा।

प्रारंभिक परीक्षा तथ्य

  • Strait of Hormuz Iran और Oman के बीच स्थित है।
  • यह Persian Gulf को Gulf of Oman से जोड़ता है।
  • Oman का Musandam Peninsula Strait के निकट स्थित है।
  • Iran और Oman ने सितंबर 2026 में नए entry और exit shipping routes पर सहमति बनाई।
  • प्रस्तावित entry route पूरी तरह Iranian territorial waters में होगा।
  • Strait में disruption international oil और gas markets को प्रभावित कर सकता है।
मुख्य परीक्षा दृष्टिकोण (विश्लेषण)
  • यह development दिखाता है कि maritime geography और geopolitics सीधे global energy security को प्रभावित करते हैं। Imported energy पर अत्यधिक निर्भर भारत के लिए Strait of Hormuz की stability crude-oil prices, shipping insurance और uninterrupted supply के लिए महत्वपूर्ण है।

जीएस मैपिंग

GS1: भूगोल; GS2: अंतरराष्ट्रीय संबंध; GS3: ऊर्जा सुरक्षा

त्वरित अभ्यास · 1 प्रश्न
प्र1. Strait of Hormuz के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए: 1. यह Persian Gulf को Gulf of Oman से जोड़ता है। 2. यह Iran और Oman के बीच स्थित है। उपर्युक्त में से कौन-से कथन सही हैं?
उत्तर: C
व्याख्या: दोनों कथन सही हैं। Strait of Hormuz Iran और Oman के बीच स्थित है और Persian Gulf को Gulf of Oman से जोड़ता है।
Major Notesप्रमुख नोट्स
Economy · Major Note
Domestic PNG Incentive Scheme Comes into Focus
A Government backgrounder released on 13 September 2026 highlighted the Incentive Scheme for Promotion of Domestic PNG Connections, which seeks to accelerate the activation and expansion of household Piped Natural …

Exam Points

  • The Domestic PNG incentive scheme was launched on 18 August 2026.
  • It became effective from 1 September 2026.
  • India had 1.74 crore domestic PNG connections as of 18 August 2026.
  • PNGRB-authorised entities operate across 309 Geographical Areas.
  • Eligible CGD entities receive an additional 200 SCM of APM gas for each qualifying incremental connection.
  • The scheme operates in two tranches over six months.
GS3: Energy and Infrastructure

News Item

A Government backgrounder released on 13 September 2026 highlighted the Incentive Scheme for Promotion of Domestic PNG Connections, which seeks to accelerate the activation and expansion of household Piped Natural Gas connections. The scheme was launched on 18 August 2026 and came into effect from 1 September 2026.

Background

Domestic PNG is supplied through City Gas Distribution (CGD) networks. These networks provide natural gas to households, commercial establishments, industries and transport fuel stations.

The Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board has authorised CGD entities in 309 Geographical Areas covering mainland India. As of 18 August 2026, India had 1.74 crore domestic PNG connections.

The incentive scheme rewards CGD entities for adding active billed household connections above a specified threshold. For each eligible incremental connection, an additional allocation of 200 Standard Cubic Metres of domestically produced APM gas is provided.

Prelims Facts

  • The Domestic PNG incentive scheme was launched on 18 August 2026.
  • It became effective from 1 September 2026.
  • India had 1.74 crore domestic PNG connections as of 18 August 2026.
  • PNGRB-authorised entities operate across 309 Geographical Areas.
  • Eligible CGD entities receive an additional 200 SCM of APM gas for each qualifying incremental connection.
  • The scheme operates in two tranches over six months.
Mains Focus & Analysis
  • Expanding PNG can support cleaner household energy and reduce logistical dependence on cylinder delivery in urban areas. Its success will depend on pipeline infrastructure, household conversion rates, rational taxation and the commercial viability of CGD networks.

GS Mapping

GS3: Energy and Infrastructure

Quick Check · 1 question
Q1. Consider the following statements regarding the Incentive Scheme for Promotion of Domestic PNG Connections: 1. The scheme became effective from 1 September 2026. 2. Eligible CGD entities can receive additional domestically produced APM gas for qualifying incremental domestic connections. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Answer: C
Explanation: Both statements are correct. The scheme took effect on 1 September 2026 and provides additional APM gas allocations for eligible incremental domestic PNG connections.
Domestic PNG Incentive Scheme चर्चा में
13 सितंबर 2026 को जारी Government backgrounder में Incentive Scheme for Promotion of Domestic PNG Connections को प्रमुखता दी गई। इसका उद्देश्य households में Piped Natural Gas connections को तेजी …

परीक्षा बिंदु (Exam Points)

  • Domestic PNG incentive scheme 18 अगस्त 2026 को launch हुई।
  • यह 1 सितंबर 2026 से effective हुई।
  • 18 अगस्त 2026 तक भारत में 1.74 करोड़ domestic PNG connections थे।
  • PNGRB-authorised entities 309 Geographical Areas में कार्य करती हैं।
  • प्रत्येक qualifying incremental connection पर eligible CGD entity को 200 SCM अतिरिक्त APM gas मिलता है।
  • योजना छह महीनों में दो tranches में लागू होती है।
GS3: ऊर्जा एवं अवसंरचना

समाचार

13 सितंबर 2026 को जारी Government backgrounder में Incentive Scheme for Promotion of Domestic PNG Connections को प्रमुखता दी गई। इसका उद्देश्य households में Piped Natural Gas connections को तेजी से active करना और network expansion बढ़ाना है। योजना 18 अगस्त 2026 को launch हुई और 1 सितंबर 2026 से लागू हुई।

प्रारंभिक परीक्षा तथ्य

  • Domestic PNG incentive scheme 18 अगस्त 2026 को launch हुई।
  • यह 1 सितंबर 2026 से effective हुई।
  • 18 अगस्त 2026 तक भारत में 1.74 करोड़ domestic PNG connections थे।
  • PNGRB-authorised entities 309 Geographical Areas में कार्य करती हैं।
  • प्रत्येक qualifying incremental connection पर eligible CGD entity को 200 SCM अतिरिक्त APM gas मिलता है।
  • योजना छह महीनों में दो tranches में लागू होती है।
मुख्य परीक्षा दृष्टिकोण (विश्लेषण)
  • PNG expansion cleaner household energy को support कर सकता है और urban areas में cylinder delivery पर logistical dependence कम कर सकता है। इसकी सफलता pipeline infrastructure, household conversion rates, rational taxation और CGD networks की commercial viability पर निर्भर करेगी।

जीएस मैपिंग

GS3: ऊर्जा एवं अवसंरचना

त्वरित अभ्यास · 1 प्रश्न
प्र1. Incentive Scheme for Promotion of Domestic PNG Connections के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए: 1. योजना 1 सितंबर 2026 से effective हुई। 2. Eligible CGD entities qualifying incremental domestic connections के लिए अतिरिक्त domestically produced APM gas प्राप्त कर सकती हैं। उपर्युक्त में से कौन-से कथन सही हैं?
उत्तर: C
व्याख्या: दोनों कथन सही हैं। योजना 1 सितंबर 2026 से लागू हुई और qualifying incremental domestic PNG connections के लिए अतिरिक्त APM gas allocation प्रदान करती है।
Science and Technology · Major Note
India Highlights Role in Global Pandemic Preparedness
At a high-level engagement with the Board and Investors Council of the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) in New Delhi on 13 September 2026, India highlighted its growing vaccine-development …

Exam Points

  • CEPI was officially launched in Davos in January 2017.
  • India was among its founding governments.
  • CEPI focuses on vaccines against emerging infectious diseases and epidemic threats.
  • India’s Department of Biotechnology and BIRAC cooperate with CEPI.
  • The 13 September 2026 engagement involved CEPI’s Board and Investors Council in New Delhi.
GS3: Science and Technology; GS2: Health

News Item

At a high-level engagement with the Board and Investors Council of the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) in New Delhi on 13 September 2026, India highlighted its growing vaccine-development and biotechnology capabilities. The Government said India can contribute scientific infrastructure and biomedical solutions to future epidemic and pandemic preparedness.

Background

CEPI is a global partnership created to accelerate the development of vaccines and related technologies against emerging infectious diseases. It was officially launched in Davos in January 2017.

India and Norway were among its founding governments along with philanthropic and international partners. India’s Department of Biotechnology and BIRAC have also worked with CEPI to strengthen vaccine research, development and innovation.

Prelims Facts

  • CEPI was officially launched in Davos in January 2017.
  • India was among its founding governments.
  • CEPI focuses on vaccines against emerging infectious diseases and epidemic threats.
  • India’s Department of Biotechnology and BIRAC cooperate with CEPI.
  • The 13 September 2026 engagement involved CEPI’s Board and Investors Council in New Delhi.
Mains Focus & Analysis
  • India’s large vaccine-manufacturing base and expanding biotechnology ecosystem can make it an important contributor to global health security. The policy challenge is to combine research, manufacturing, surveillance and rapid regulatory pathways so scientific advances can be converted into deployable solutions before outbreaks become global emergencies.

GS Mapping

GS3: Science and Technology; GS2: Health

Quick Check · 1 question
Q1. Consider the following statements regarding CEPI: 1. India was among the founding governments of CEPI. 2. CEPI primarily works to accelerate vaccine preparedness against epidemic threats. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Answer: C
Explanation: Both statements are correct. India was among CEPI’s founding governments, and the partnership was created to accelerate vaccine development and preparedness against epidemic threats.
भारत ने global pandemic preparedness में अपनी भूमिका पर जोर दिया
13 सितंबर 2026 को New Delhi में Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) के Board और Investors Council के साथ high-level engagement में भारत ने अपनी बढ़ती vaccine-development और biotechnology …

परीक्षा बिंदु (Exam Points)

  • CEPI को जनवरी 2017 में Davos में officially launch किया गया।
  • India इसकी founding governments में शामिल था।
  • CEPI emerging infectious diseases और epidemic threats के विरुद्ध vaccines पर focus करता है।
  • भारत का Department of Biotechnology और BIRAC CEPI के साथ cooperate करते हैं।
  • 13 सितंबर 2026 का engagement New Delhi में CEPI Board और Investors Council के साथ हुआ।
GS3: विज्ञान एवं प्रौद्योगिकी; GS2: स्वास्थ्य

समाचार

13 सितंबर 2026 को New Delhi में Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) के Board और Investors Council के साथ high-level engagement में भारत ने अपनी बढ़ती vaccine-development और biotechnology capabilities को रेखांकित किया। सरकार ने कहा कि भारत future epidemic और pandemic preparedness के लिए scientific infrastructure और biomedical solutions में महत्वपूर्ण योगदान दे सकता है।

प्रारंभिक परीक्षा तथ्य

  • CEPI को जनवरी 2017 में Davos में officially launch किया गया।
  • India इसकी founding governments में शामिल था।
  • CEPI emerging infectious diseases और epidemic threats के विरुद्ध vaccines पर focus करता है।
  • भारत का Department of Biotechnology और BIRAC CEPI के साथ cooperate करते हैं।
  • 13 सितंबर 2026 का engagement New Delhi में CEPI Board और Investors Council के साथ हुआ।
मुख्य परीक्षा दृष्टिकोण (विश्लेषण)
  • भारत का बड़ा vaccine-manufacturing base और expanding biotechnology ecosystem उसे global health security में महत्वपूर्ण contributor बना सकता है। Policy challenge यह है कि research, manufacturing, surveillance और rapid regulatory pathways को इस प्रकार जोड़ा जाए कि scientific advances outbreaks के global emergency बनने से पहले deployable solutions में बदले जा सकें।

जीएस मैपिंग

GS3: विज्ञान एवं प्रौद्योगिकी; GS2: स्वास्थ्य

त्वरित अभ्यास · 1 प्रश्न
प्र1. CEPI के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए: 1. India CEPI की founding governments में शामिल था। 2. CEPI मुख्यतः epidemic threats के विरुद्ध vaccine preparedness को तेज करने के लिए कार्य करता है। उपर्युक्त में से कौन-से कथन सही हैं?
उत्तर: C
व्याख्या: दोनों कथन सही हैं। India CEPI की founding governments में से एक था और यह partnership epidemic threats के विरुद्ध vaccine development और preparedness को तेज करने के लिए बनाई गई।
International Relations · Major Note
Philippines Joins CDRI During BRICS Visit
The Philippines officially joined the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI) during President Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr.’s visit to New Delhi for the BRICS Summit. The Philippines became the coalition’s …

Exam Points

  • The Philippines joined CDRI during President Marcos Jr.’s New Delhi visit in September 2026.
  • It became CDRI’s 71st member.
  • It became the second Southeast Asian member after Vietnam.
  • CDRI was launched by India at the UN Climate Action Summit in 2019.
  • CDRI is headquartered in New Delhi.
  • The Philippines participated in the BRICS Summit as ASEAN Chair for 2026.
GS2: International Relations; GS3: Disaster Management

News Item

The Philippines officially joined the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI) during President Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr.’s visit to New Delhi for the BRICS Summit. The Philippines became the coalition’s 71st member and the second Southeast Asian country to join after Vietnam.

Background

The Philippines participated in the 2026 BRICS Summit in its capacity as ASEAN Chair. Its entry into CDRI adds a climate-resilience dimension to India–Philippines cooperation.

CDRI is an India-led global partnership that promotes resilient infrastructure capable of withstanding disasters and climate-related risks. It was launched by India at the UN Climate Action Summit in 2019 and is headquartered in New Delhi.

Prelims Facts

  • The Philippines joined CDRI during President Marcos Jr.’s New Delhi visit in September 2026.
  • It became CDRI’s 71st member.
  • It became the second Southeast Asian member after Vietnam.
  • CDRI was launched by India at the UN Climate Action Summit in 2019.
  • CDRI is headquartered in New Delhi.
  • The Philippines participated in the BRICS Summit as ASEAN Chair for 2026.
Mains Focus & Analysis
  • The development strengthens India’s Act East engagement and expands cooperation on climate-resilient infrastructure. For disaster-prone Indo-Pacific countries, resilience-oriented infrastructure can reduce economic losses and improve continuity of essential services after extreme events.

GS Mapping

GS2: International Relations; GS3: Disaster Management

Quick Check · 1 question
Q1. Consider the following statements regarding CDRI: 1. It was launched by India at the UN Climate Action Summit in 2019. 2. Its headquarters is located in New Delhi. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Answer: C
Explanation: Both statements are correct. CDRI was launched by India in 2019 and is headquartered in New Delhi.
Philippines BRICS यात्रा के दौरान CDRI में शामिल हुआ
President Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr. की BRICS Summit के लिए New Delhi यात्रा के दौरान Philippines आधिकारिक रूप से Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI) में शामिल हुआ। Philippines coalition …

परीक्षा बिंदु (Exam Points)

  • Philippines सितंबर 2026 में President Marcos Jr. की New Delhi यात्रा के दौरान CDRI में शामिल हुआ।
  • यह CDRI का 71वां member बना।
  • यह Vietnam के बाद दूसरा Southeast Asian member बना।
  • CDRI को भारत ने 2019 में UN Climate Action Summit में launch किया।
  • CDRI का headquarters New Delhi में है।
  • Philippines ने 2026 के ASEAN Chair के रूप में BRICS Summit में भाग लिया।
GS2: अंतरराष्ट्रीय संबंध; GS3: आपदा प्रबंधन

समाचार

President Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr. की BRICS Summit के लिए New Delhi यात्रा के दौरान Philippines आधिकारिक रूप से Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI) में शामिल हुआ। Philippines coalition का 71वां member और Vietnam के बाद दूसरा Southeast Asian country बना।

प्रारंभिक परीक्षा तथ्य

  • Philippines सितंबर 2026 में President Marcos Jr. की New Delhi यात्रा के दौरान CDRI में शामिल हुआ।
  • यह CDRI का 71वां member बना।
  • यह Vietnam के बाद दूसरा Southeast Asian member बना।
  • CDRI को भारत ने 2019 में UN Climate Action Summit में launch किया।
  • CDRI का headquarters New Delhi में है।
  • Philippines ने 2026 के ASEAN Chair के रूप में BRICS Summit में भाग लिया।
मुख्य परीक्षा दृष्टिकोण (विश्लेषण)
  • यह development भारत की Act East engagement को मजबूत करता है और climate-resilient infrastructure पर cooperation बढ़ाता है। Disaster-prone Indo-Pacific देशों के लिए resilience-oriented infrastructure extreme events के बाद economic losses कम करने और essential services की continuity सुधारने में मदद कर सकता है।

जीएस मैपिंग

GS2: अंतरराष्ट्रीय संबंध; GS3: आपदा प्रबंधन

त्वरित अभ्यास · 1 प्रश्न
प्र1. CDRI के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए: 1. इसे भारत ने 2019 में UN Climate Action Summit में launch किया। 2. इसका headquarters New Delhi में स्थित है। उपर्युक्त में से कौन-से कथन सही हैं?
उत्तर: C
व्याख्या: दोनों कथन सही हैं। CDRI को भारत ने 2019 में launch किया और इसका headquarters New Delhi में है।
Brief Newsसंक्षिप्त समाचार
Sports · Brief
Zverev and Rybakina Win US Open 2026 Singles Titles
Germany’s Alexander Zverev won the US Open 2026 men’s singles title on 13 September by defeating American Ben Shelton 6-3, 7-6, 5-7, 6-2. Kazakhstan’s Elena Rybakina had won the women’s …

Exam Points

  • Alexander Zverev won the US Open 2026 men’s singles title.
  • He defeated Ben Shelton in the final.
  • Elena Rybakina won the US Open 2026 women’s singles title.
  • She defeated Aryna Sabalenka in the final.
  • Zverev’s US Open title was his second Grand Slam singles title.
  • Rybakina’s US Open title was her first in New York and third Grand Slam singles title overall.
Prelims: Sports

News Item

Germany’s Alexander Zverev won the US Open 2026 men’s singles title on 13 September by defeating American Ben Shelton 6-3, 7-6, 5-7, 6-2. Kazakhstan’s Elena Rybakina had won the women’s singles title a day earlier by defeating Aryna Sabalenka 6-4, 5-7, 6-2.

Background

The US Open is one of tennis’s four Grand Slam tournaments, along with the Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon. It is played in New York at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center.

Zverev’s victory gave him his second Grand Slam singles title after the 2026 French Open. Rybakina’s victory was her first US Open title and her third Grand Slam singles title overall. She also secured the world No. 1 ranking during the tournament.

Prelims Facts

  • Alexander Zverev won the US Open 2026 men’s singles title.
  • He defeated Ben Shelton in the final.
  • Elena Rybakina won the US Open 2026 women’s singles title.
  • She defeated Aryna Sabalenka in the final.
  • Zverev’s US Open title was his second Grand Slam singles title.
  • Rybakina’s US Open title was her first in New York and third Grand Slam singles title overall.

GS Mapping

Prelims: Sports

Quick Check · 1 question
Q1. Consider the following statements regarding the US Open 2026: 1. Alexander Zverev won the men’s singles title. 2. Elena Rybakina won the women’s singles title. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Answer: C
Explanation: Both statements are correct. Zverev won the men’s singles title by defeating Ben Shelton, while Rybakina won the women’s singles title by defeating Aryna Sabalenka.
Zverev और Rybakina ने US Open 2026 singles titles जीते
Germany के Alexander Zverev ने 13 सितंबर को American Ben Shelton को 6-3, 7-6, 5-7, 6-2 से हराकर US Open 2026 men’s singles title जीता। एक दिन पहले Kazakhstan की …

परीक्षा बिंदु (Exam Points)

  • Alexander Zverev ने US Open 2026 men’s singles title जीता।
  • उन्होंने final में Ben Shelton को हराया।
  • Elena Rybakina ने US Open 2026 women’s singles title जीता।
  • उन्होंने final में Aryna Sabalenka को हराया।
  • Zverev का US Open title उनका दूसरा Grand Slam singles title था।
  • Rybakina का यह पहला US Open और कुल तीसरा Grand Slam singles title था।
प्रारंभिक परीक्षा: खेल

समाचार

Germany के Alexander Zverev ने 13 सितंबर को American Ben Shelton को 6-3, 7-6, 5-7, 6-2 से हराकर US Open 2026 men’s singles title जीता। एक दिन पहले Kazakhstan की Elena Rybakina ने Aryna Sabalenka को 6-4, 5-7, 6-2 से हराकर women’s singles title जीता था।

प्रारंभिक परीक्षा तथ्य

  • Alexander Zverev ने US Open 2026 men’s singles title जीता।
  • उन्होंने final में Ben Shelton को हराया।
  • Elena Rybakina ने US Open 2026 women’s singles title जीता।
  • उन्होंने final में Aryna Sabalenka को हराया।
  • Zverev का US Open title उनका दूसरा Grand Slam singles title था।
  • Rybakina का यह पहला US Open और कुल तीसरा Grand Slam singles title था।

जीएस मैपिंग

प्रारंभिक परीक्षा: खेल

त्वरित अभ्यास · 1 प्रश्न
प्र1. US Open 2026 के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए: 1. Alexander Zverev ने men’s singles title जीता। 2. Elena Rybakina ने women’s singles title जीता। उपर्युक्त में से कौन-से कथन सही हैं?
उत्तर: C
व्याख्या: दोनों कथन सही हैं। Zverev ने Ben Shelton को हराकर men’s singles title जीता, जबकि Rybakina ने Aryna Sabalenka को हराकर women’s singles title जीता।
History, Art and Culture · Brief
Rare Manuscripts Highlighted at Asiatic Society of Mumbai
A specially curated manuscript exhibition titled “Shri Ganesh Dnyanarati” was inaugurated at the Asiatic Society of Mumbai on 13 September 2026. The event also drew attention to manuscript conservation and …

Exam Points

  • The exhibition “Shri Ganesh Dnyanarati” was inaugurated at the Asiatic Society of Mumbai.
  • The event took place on 13 September 2026.
  • The Society has a manuscript conservation laboratory.
  • Manuscripts are important primary sources for reconstructing historical and cultural traditions.
  • Digitisation can improve access while reducing handling of fragile manuscripts.
GS1: History, Art and Culture

News Item

A specially curated manuscript exhibition titled “Shri Ganesh Dnyanarati” was inaugurated at the Asiatic Society of Mumbai on 13 September 2026. The event also drew attention to manuscript conservation and the use of modern technology to widen public access to archival knowledge.

Background

Manuscripts are handwritten records that preserve historical, religious, literary, scientific and administrative knowledge. Their conservation requires controlled handling, protection from humidity, insects and physical deterioration, and increasingly digitisation for long-term access.

The Asiatic Society of Mumbai maintains an important library and manuscript collection. The visit on 13 September also included inspection of its manuscript conservation laboratory.

Prelims Facts

  • The exhibition “Shri Ganesh Dnyanarati” was inaugurated at the Asiatic Society of Mumbai.
  • The event took place on 13 September 2026.
  • The Society has a manuscript conservation laboratory.
  • Manuscripts are important primary sources for reconstructing historical and cultural traditions.
  • Digitisation can improve access while reducing handling of fragile manuscripts.

GS Mapping

GS1: History, Art and Culture

Quick Check · 1 question
Q1. Which of the following is a major purpose of digitising fragile historical manuscripts?
Answer: B
Explanation: Digitisation allows researchers and the public to access manuscript content without repeatedly handling fragile originals, but it does not eliminate the need to conserve the physical manuscript.
Asiatic Society of Mumbai में दुर्लभ manuscripts प्रदर्शित
13 सितंबर 2026 को Asiatic Society of Mumbai में “Shri Ganesh Dnyanarati” नामक specially curated manuscript exhibition का उद्घाटन किया गया। इस अवसर ने manuscript conservation और archival knowledge को …

परीक्षा बिंदु (Exam Points)

  • “Shri Ganesh Dnyanarati” exhibition का उद्घाटन Asiatic Society of Mumbai में हुआ।
  • Event 13 सितंबर 2026 को हुआ।
  • Society में manuscript conservation laboratory है।
  • Manuscripts historical और cultural traditions के reconstruction के महत्वपूर्ण primary sources हैं।
  • Digitisation fragile manuscripts की handling कम करते हुए access बढ़ा सकता है।
GS1: इतिहास, कला एवं संस्कृति

समाचार

13 सितंबर 2026 को Asiatic Society of Mumbai में “Shri Ganesh Dnyanarati” नामक specially curated manuscript exhibition का उद्घाटन किया गया। इस अवसर ने manuscript conservation और archival knowledge को wider public access देने के लिए modern technology के उपयोग पर भी ध्यान आकर्षित किया।

प्रारंभिक परीक्षा तथ्य

  • “Shri Ganesh Dnyanarati” exhibition का उद्घाटन Asiatic Society of Mumbai में हुआ।
  • Event 13 सितंबर 2026 को हुआ।
  • Society में manuscript conservation laboratory है।
  • Manuscripts historical और cultural traditions के reconstruction के महत्वपूर्ण primary sources हैं।
  • Digitisation fragile manuscripts की handling कम करते हुए access बढ़ा सकता है।

जीएस मैपिंग

GS1: इतिहास, कला एवं संस्कृति

त्वरित अभ्यास · 1 प्रश्न
प्र1. Fragile historical manuscripts के digitisation का प्रमुख उद्देश्य निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा है?
उत्तर: B
व्याख्या: Digitisation researchers और public को fragile originals को बार-बार handle किए बिना manuscript content तक access देता है, लेकिन physical manuscript के conservation की आवश्यकता समाप्त नहीं करता।
Geography · Brief
First International Day of Caves and Karst Observed
The first International Day of Caves and Karst was observed on 13 September 2026 following its proclamation by UNESCO. The inaugural global celebration was centred in Postojna, Slovenia, and highlighted …

Exam Points

  • International Day of Caves and Karst is observed on 13 September.
  • The first observance was held in 2026.
  • UNESCO proclaimed the day in 2025.
  • The inaugural celebration was centred in Postojna, Slovenia.
  • Karst develops through dissolution of soluble rocks.
  • Caves and karst landscapes cover nearly one-quarter of the Earth’s land surface.
GS1: Physical Geography; GS3: Environment

News Item

The first International Day of Caves and Karst was observed on 13 September 2026 following its proclamation by UNESCO. The inaugural global celebration was centred in Postojna, Slovenia, and highlighted the scientific, ecological, hydrological and cultural importance of cave and karst landscapes.

Background

Karst landscapes form mainly through the dissolution of soluble rocks such as limestone and gypsum. Typical features may include caves, sinkholes, disappearing streams and underground drainage systems.

UNESCO proclaimed 13 September as the annual International Day of Caves and Karst in 2025. Caves and karst landscapes cover nearly one-quarter of the Earth’s land surface and supply drinking water to more than one billion people.

Prelims Facts

  • International Day of Caves and Karst is observed on 13 September.
  • The first observance was held in 2026.
  • UNESCO proclaimed the day in 2025.
  • The inaugural celebration was centred in Postojna, Slovenia.
  • Karst develops through dissolution of soluble rocks.
  • Caves and karst landscapes cover nearly one-quarter of the Earth’s land surface.

GS Mapping

GS1: Physical Geography; GS3: Environment

Quick Check · 1 question
Q1. Consider the following statements regarding karst landscapes: 1. They commonly develop through dissolution of soluble rocks such as limestone. 2. Sinkholes and underground drainage are characteristic karst features. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Answer: C
Explanation: Both statements are correct. Karst develops through dissolution of soluble rocks, especially limestone, and commonly includes caves, sinkholes and underground drainage systems.
पहला International Day of Caves and Karst मनाया गया
UNESCO द्वारा घोषित पहला International Day of Caves and Karst 13 सितंबर 2026 को मनाया गया। इसका inaugural global celebration Postojna, Slovenia में केंद्रित था और cave तथा karst landscapes …

परीक्षा बिंदु (Exam Points)

  • International Day of Caves and Karst 13 सितंबर को मनाया जाता है।
  • इसका पहला observance 2026 में हुआ।
  • UNESCO ने इस day को 2025 में proclaim किया।
  • Inaugural celebration Postojna, Slovenia में केंद्रित था।
  • Karst soluble rocks के dissolution से विकसित होता है।
  • Caves और karst landscapes Earth की land surface का लगभग एक-चौथाई हिस्सा कवर करते हैं।
GS1: भौतिक भूगोल; GS3: पर्यावरण

समाचार

UNESCO द्वारा घोषित पहला International Day of Caves and Karst 13 सितंबर 2026 को मनाया गया। इसका inaugural global celebration Postojna, Slovenia में केंद्रित था और cave तथा karst landscapes के scientific, ecological, hydrological और cultural महत्व को रेखांकित किया गया।

प्रारंभिक परीक्षा तथ्य

  • International Day of Caves and Karst 13 सितंबर को मनाया जाता है।
  • इसका पहला observance 2026 में हुआ।
  • UNESCO ने इस day को 2025 में proclaim किया।
  • Inaugural celebration Postojna, Slovenia में केंद्रित था।
  • Karst soluble rocks के dissolution से विकसित होता है।
  • Caves और karst landscapes Earth की land surface का लगभग एक-चौथाई हिस्सा कवर करते हैं।

जीएस मैपिंग

GS1: भौतिक भूगोल; GS3: पर्यावरण

त्वरित अभ्यास · 1 प्रश्न
प्र1. Karst landscapes के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए: 1. ये सामान्यतः limestone जैसी soluble rocks के dissolution से विकसित होती हैं। 2. Sinkholes और underground drainage characteristic karst features हैं। उपर्युक्त में से कौन-से कथन सही हैं?
उत्तर: C
व्याख्या: दोनों कथन सही हैं। Karst soluble rocks, विशेषकर limestone, के dissolution से विकसित होता है और इसमें caves, sinkholes तथा underground drainage systems सामान्य features हैं।
Environment and Ecology · Brief
Dryland Congress Adopts Delhi Declaration on Drylands
Dryland Congress 2026 concluded in New Delhi on 13 September with adoption of the Delhi Declaration on Drylands (3D). The declaration called for greater South-South and triangular cooperation, better data …

Exam Points

  • Dryland Congress 2026 concluded in New Delhi on 13 September 2026.
  • It adopted the Delhi Declaration on Drylands.
  • The final day coincided with the UN Day for South-South Cooperation.
  • The Congress emphasised data systems and living laboratories for dryland agri-food systems.
  • The inaugural ISSCA Global Awards 2026 were presented during the Congress.
  • Odisha Livelihoods Mission was among recipients of the ISSCA Global Award for Transformative Excellence.
GS3: Agriculture and Environment

News Item

Dryland Congress 2026 concluded in New Delhi on 13 September with adoption of the Delhi Declaration on Drylands (3D). The declaration called for greater South-South and triangular cooperation, better data systems, living laboratories and stronger partnerships for resilient dryland agriculture.

Background

Drylands include arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid regions where water availability is limited relative to climatic demand. Such regions are particularly vulnerable to drought, land degradation, soil-moisture stress and climate variability.

The final day of the Congress coincided with the UN Day for South-South Cooperation. The event also presented the inaugural ISSCA Global Awards 2026, recognising agricultural innovations from across the Global South.

Prelims Facts

  • Dryland Congress 2026 concluded in New Delhi on 13 September 2026.
  • It adopted the Delhi Declaration on Drylands.
  • The final day coincided with the UN Day for South-South Cooperation.
  • The Congress emphasised data systems and living laboratories for dryland agri-food systems.
  • The inaugural ISSCA Global Awards 2026 were presented during the Congress.
  • Odisha Livelihoods Mission was among recipients of the ISSCA Global Award for Transformative Excellence.

GS Mapping

GS3: Agriculture and Environment

Quick Check · 1 question
Q1. Consider the following statements regarding Dryland Congress 2026: 1. It concluded with adoption of the Delhi Declaration on Drylands. 2. Its final day coincided with the UN Day for South-South Cooperation. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Answer: C
Explanation: Both statements are correct. The Congress ended with the Delhi Declaration on Drylands and its final day coincided with the UN Day for South-South Cooperation.
Dryland Congress ने Delhi Declaration on Drylands अपनाया
Dryland Congress 2026 13 सितंबर को New Delhi में Delhi Declaration on Drylands (3D) अपनाने के साथ संपन्न हुआ। Declaration ने resilient dryland agriculture के लिए South-South और triangular cooperation, …

परीक्षा बिंदु (Exam Points)

  • Dryland Congress 2026 13 सितंबर 2026 को New Delhi में संपन्न हुआ।
  • इसमें Delhi Declaration on Drylands अपनाया गया।
  • Final day UN Day for South-South Cooperation के साथ coincided हुआ।
  • Congress ने dryland agri-food systems के लिए data systems और living laboratories पर जोर दिया।
  • Inaugural ISSCA Global Awards 2026 Congress के दौरान प्रदान किए गए।
  • Odisha Livelihoods Mission ISSCA Global Award for Transformative Excellence के recipients में शामिल था।
GS3: कृषि एवं पर्यावरण

समाचार

Dryland Congress 2026 13 सितंबर को New Delhi में Delhi Declaration on Drylands (3D) अपनाने के साथ संपन्न हुआ। Declaration ने resilient dryland agriculture के लिए South-South और triangular cooperation, बेहतर data systems, living laboratories और stronger partnerships पर जोर दिया।

प्रारंभिक परीक्षा तथ्य

  • Dryland Congress 2026 13 सितंबर 2026 को New Delhi में संपन्न हुआ।
  • इसमें Delhi Declaration on Drylands अपनाया गया।
  • Final day UN Day for South-South Cooperation के साथ coincided हुआ।
  • Congress ने dryland agri-food systems के लिए data systems और living laboratories पर जोर दिया।
  • Inaugural ISSCA Global Awards 2026 Congress के दौरान प्रदान किए गए।
  • Odisha Livelihoods Mission ISSCA Global Award for Transformative Excellence के recipients में शामिल था।

जीएस मैपिंग

GS3: कृषि एवं पर्यावरण

त्वरित अभ्यास · 1 प्रश्न
प्र1. Dryland Congress 2026 के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए: 1. यह Delhi Declaration on Drylands को अपनाने के साथ संपन्न हुआ। 2. इसका final day UN Day for South-South Cooperation के साथ coincided हुआ। उपर्युक्त में से कौन-से कथन सही हैं?
उत्तर: C
व्याख्या: दोनों कथन सही हैं। Congress Delhi Declaration on Drylands के साथ समाप्त हुआ और इसका final day UN Day for South-South Cooperation के साथ coincided हुआ।
Defence and Security · Brief
Junput Proposed as New DRDO Weapon and Missile Testing Range
The West Bengal Government approved a DRDO proposal to establish a weapon and missile testing range at Junput, a coastal village in Purba Medinipur district. The proposed facility is expected …

Exam Points

  • Junput is located in Purba Medinipur district of West Bengal.
  • It lies on the Bay of Bengal coast.
  • The proposed range is associated with DRDO.
  • Chandipur is located in Odisha.
  • DRDO’s Integrated Test Range operates through launch complexes in Odisha.
  • The proposed Junput facility is expected to augment India’s defence testing capacity.
GS3: Defence Technology

News Item

The West Bengal Government approved a DRDO proposal to establish a weapon and missile testing range at Junput, a coastal village in Purba Medinipur district. The proposed facility is expected to share part of the workload of existing testing infrastructure in Odisha.

Background

Junput lies on the Bay of Bengal coast of West Bengal and is about 70 km along the coast from Chandipur in Odisha.

DRDO’s Integrated Test Range operates through launch complexes in Odisha and is used for testing missiles and other defence systems. A new coastal range can expand testing capacity while providing the clear zones needed for many weapon and missile trials.

Prelims Facts

  • Junput is located in Purba Medinipur district of West Bengal.
  • It lies on the Bay of Bengal coast.
  • The proposed range is associated with DRDO.
  • Chandipur is located in Odisha.
  • DRDO’s Integrated Test Range operates through launch complexes in Odisha.
  • The proposed Junput facility is expected to augment India’s defence testing capacity.

GS Mapping

GS3: Defence Technology

Quick Check · 1 question
Q1. Consider the following statements: 1. Junput is a coastal location in West Bengal. 2. Chandipur, associated with defence testing facilities, is located in Odisha. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Answer: C
Explanation: Both statements are correct. Junput lies on the West Bengal coast in Purba Medinipur, while Chandipur is in Odisha and is associated with India’s defence testing infrastructure.
Junput में नया DRDO weapon और missile testing range प्रस्तावित
West Bengal Government ने Purba Medinipur district के coastal village Junput में DRDO weapon और missile testing range स्थापित करने के proposal को मंजूरी दी। प्रस्तावित facility से Odisha की …

परीक्षा बिंदु (Exam Points)

  • Junput West Bengal के Purba Medinipur district में स्थित है।
  • यह Bay of Bengal coast पर स्थित है।
  • प्रस्तावित range DRDO से संबंधित है।
  • Chandipur Odisha में स्थित है।
  • DRDO का Integrated Test Range Odisha में launch complexes के माध्यम से operate करता है।
  • Junput facility भारत की defence testing capacity बढ़ाने की उम्मीद है।
GS3: रक्षा प्रौद्योगिकी

समाचार

West Bengal Government ने Purba Medinipur district के coastal village Junput में DRDO weapon और missile testing range स्थापित करने के proposal को मंजूरी दी। प्रस्तावित facility से Odisha की existing testing infrastructure का कुछ workload साझा होने की उम्मीद है।

प्रारंभिक परीक्षा तथ्य

  • Junput West Bengal के Purba Medinipur district में स्थित है।
  • यह Bay of Bengal coast पर स्थित है।
  • प्रस्तावित range DRDO से संबंधित है।
  • Chandipur Odisha में स्थित है।
  • DRDO का Integrated Test Range Odisha में launch complexes के माध्यम से operate करता है।
  • Junput facility भारत की defence testing capacity बढ़ाने की उम्मीद है।

जीएस मैपिंग

GS3: रक्षा प्रौद्योगिकी

त्वरित अभ्यास · 1 प्रश्न
प्र1. निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए: 1. Junput West Bengal का coastal location है। 2. Defence testing facilities से संबंधित Chandipur Odisha में स्थित है। उपर्युक्त में से कौन-से कथन सही हैं?
उत्तर: C
व्याख्या: दोनों कथन सही हैं। Junput Purba Medinipur में West Bengal coast पर स्थित है, जबकि Chandipur Odisha में है और भारत की defence testing infrastructure से संबंधित है।